春神和战争之神雅利洛 Jarilo: God of Spring and War

一则北方涅咯莎地区的传统神话故事，及民俗学家对该神话的解读分析。 The story and expert analyses of a traditional legend from the northern region of Nycatha.

神话故事 Mythological Tales

春神和战争之神雅利洛

Jarilo: God of Spring and War

佩伦，是万神殿中位阶最高的神明，掌握着雷电的力量。他拥有着铜铸成的胡须，一手持盾，一手持着斧头，用来斩杀恶人、消灭邪灵。斧头投掷出去之后雷电轰鸣、还能自动回到他的手上。他驾驶着公羊牵拉的二轮战车上，用带火的弓箭射杀漫天的恶魔，世界因此才有了电闪雷鸣。

Perun, the god of thunder and lightning and the one ranked the highest in the Pantheon, is fashioned with a beard made of bronze and armed with a shield and an ax which he uses to slay sinners and evil spirits. He hurls his ax at his enemies and summons bolts of lightning before it returns to his hand. Perun exterminates demons that scourge across the skies with fiery arrows from his war chariot — what later became known as thunder and lightning to the world.

佩伦还有一个与之对立的大神维莱斯。维莱斯原本也是战神，如今司掌着大地、水、森林和冥界。半人半蛇的维莱斯，头上长着牛角，有着厚重的毛发、长长的胡须，在死亡之地放牧着牛群。掌握着财富和收获、音乐和夜晚，擅长魔法和诡计。

Veles, a sworn enemy of Perun and previously also the god of war, now oversees the land, water, forest, and the underworld. Veles takes a half-human and half-snake form, with horns of bulls on his head, a thick coat of fur, and a long beard. He herds cattle in the Land of Death while controlling wealth, rewards, music, and the night. He is an expert in magic and trickery.

佩伦围绕着大地追赶着维莱斯、用天上的闪电攻击他，而维莱斯则变幻成各种动物躲在树木、房屋、或者人的后面。因此愤怒的佩伦也经常击中树木、房屋甚至是人。维莱斯也不断从潮湿的地下爬上佩伦的高地，偷走他的牛群、妻子还有孩子。

Pursuing Veles across the Earth, the enraged Perun cares not for the things that Veles shapeshifts to hide behind and strikes them down with indifference, even the humans. The mischievous Veles climbs from the damp underground to steal Perun's cattle, wife, and children.

在二月的最后一个夜晚，佩伦的第十个儿子雅利洛出生了。就在那一个夜里，雅利洛也被偷走，被带到了地下的死亡之地，并且在那里被维莱斯抚养长大。死亡之地是有着永恒春天的湿润草原，雅利洛在这里帮助养父维莱斯看守着牛群，死亡之地横跨大海，迁徙的鸟儿每年冬天都会飞向那里。

On the last night of February, Perun's 10th son Jarilo was born. It was also that night that he was stolen and brought to the Land of Death where Veles raises him. Land of Death is a lush prairie of eternal spring across the sea where Jarilo helps his foster father guard the cattle. Birds migrate to that land every winter.

雅利洛并非一直生活在地下，他是充满了青春生命之力的神明，掌控着繁衍、植物生长。在冬季结束的时候，他就从死亡之地回到地面，给大地带来了春天和肥沃。这个过程并非容易，雅利洛需要发挥自己作为春神和战争之神的力量，驱赶严寒和黑夜，为世界带来春天。

Jarilo didn't like to spend his life underground. He is the god of youth and life with the powers of reproduction and plant growth. At the end of winter, Jarilo would return to Earth and use the full extent of his powers as the god of springtime and war to drive the cold and darkness away. This process was difficult but necessary to bring about spring to the world.

第一个注意雅利洛回到大地的神明是莫拉娜，她是死亡和自然的神明，也是佩伦的女儿、雅利洛的妹妹。他们俩坠入爱河并且互相追求，并且将在夏至之时举办婚礼。两位神明的神圣结合象征着植物和自然之神向丰饶的许诺，婚礼也带来了佩伦和维莱斯短暂的和平，丰收和祝福将在夏末到来。

Jarilo was first noticed and welcomed by the goddess of nature and death, Morana, who is Perun's daughter and Jarilo's sister. The two quickly fell in love and celebrated their wedding in the summer. The sacred unification of Jarilo and Morana symbolized a promise of fertility and lush vegetation. It also meant a temporary peace between Perun and Veles, and the late summer harvest would be successful and bountiful.

但是雅利洛并非是一个忠诚的丈夫。为了报复丈夫的不忠，莫拉娜会在庄稼收割之时将雅利洛杀死。而她也会用雅利洛身体的一部分建造新房。失去丈夫的莫拉娜，会在孤独中逐渐变成一个沮丧的老巫婆——可怕而又危险的死亡女神——给大地带来霜冻和冬日，并且在年底时死去，再作为维斯娜重生。届时，死后重生的雅利洛也再次回到大地，整个神话又再次开始。

However, Jarilo was not a faithful husband. In retaliation to his disloyalty, Morana killed Jarilo and used his corpse to build a new home. Without her husband, Morana gradually became a depressed old witch. The frightening and dangerous goddess of death would bring about a cold bitter winter. Morana would die at the year's end, being reborn as Vesna. At the same time, Jarilo would also be reborn and the myth would start all over again.

这样的生死循环持续了很久。不忠的雅利洛会在秋收之时死去，而孤独的莫拉娜会在年底死去，两位神明重生再次坠入爱河，确保了每一年的丰收。直到一次秋收之时，莫拉娜就如同过往一般怒不可遏杀死了雅利洛。然而，她的房子却逐渐脆弱不堪，莫拉娜在寒冬中无所依靠。显然这加剧了莫拉娜的愤怒：她再也无法接受死去重生后的自己与雅利洛重归于好。作为死亡和自然的女神，她对自己施下了残忍的诅咒——当自己再度死去时，将不再作为青春和春天的女神维斯娜重生。

The endless cycle of life and death continued for a long time. The unfaithful Jarilo getting killed after the autumn harvest and the lonely Morana dying at the end of the year. The two gods were reborn and fell in love again, ensuring the bountiful harvest every year. It wasn't until one year when Morana killed Jarilo as usual, but the house she built was weak and collapsed. With no shelter in the frigid winter, Morana's anger could not be contained any longer, and she no longer accepted her fate of reconciling with Jarilo every year. As the goddess of nature and death, she placed a cruel curse on herself — the next time she died she would no longer be reborn as Vesna, the goddess of youth and springtime.

诅咒发挥了效力。这一次，虽然莫拉娜在孤独中变成了可怕又危险的老巫婆，但没有在年底死去。这一年的严寒和黑夜比以往更甚，竟然还跨越年底、持续到了下一年。就在雅利洛回到大地之时，莫拉娜终于死去，却再也没有复活。面对着凶暴无情的风雪，雅利洛才明白自己已经铸下大错——他无法独自战胜严寒和黑夜。这一年的春天迟迟没有到来。

The curse worked. This time, while Morana did became a dangerous witch in her solitude, she didn't die at the end of the year. The cold and darkness raged on, far greater than ever before. It even continued to span across the following year. When Jarilo was reborn into this desolate place, Morana finally died, never to be reborn. Faced with the ruthless winter, Jarilo realized that he had made a mistake. Spring would not come this year, and Jarilo could not face the cold nights alone.

深陷绝望的雅利洛决定找到自己的父亲——众神之首佩伦，向他忏悔、寻求宽恕。听过二人的故事，佩伦虽然对莫拉娜深表同情，但无法接受诅咒的做法：若没了春天，这个世界将在冷酷的冬夜中慢慢死去。智慧的佩伦指出雅利洛犯下的傲慢之罪，并提出了预言：雅利洛能够再次对莫拉娜献上忠诚而永恒的爱，那时她的愤怒才会彻底平息。

In his desperation, Jarilo decided to look for his father, Perun, chief of the gods, to seek repentance and forgiveness. Having heard the story of the two, Perun sympathized with Morana, but could not accept her curse. Without spring, the world would slowly die in the cold winter nights. The wise Perun pointed out Jarilo's sin of arrogance, and prophesied — should Jarilo once again be able to offer his eternal love and loyalty to Morana, only then will her anger be quelled.

骄傲的雅利洛陷入了深深的忧郁，暴风雪持续在星球的大地上肆虐，直到秋收之时也未能平息。在故事最终，追悔莫及的雅利洛主动献出自己轮回的生命——为了向他的已然逝去的爱人宣誓恒久且深沉的忠诚。佩伦的预言发挥了效力：雅利洛的悔意和思念化作了温暖而包容的春季，停留在贝洛伯格的大地上，守护着这里的人民，使其在风雪肆虐的世界中能够幸福安定地生活下去。

The proud Jarilo fell into a deep depression, and the cold storm continued to rage on even till the autumn harvest. At the end of the story, the remorseful Jarilo offers to sacrifice his reincarnation, swearing everlasting and deep loyalty to his deceased lover. Perun's prophecy came true. Jarilo's remorse and longing turned into a warm and forgiving spring that covered the land and protected the people, enabling them to live happily and peacefully on in the snow-torn world.

解读 Explanation

《春神和战争之神雅利洛》解读

Jarilo: God of Spring and War Analysis

民俗学家 奇科

Folklore Expert: Chico

最早提及这位神的历史资料是寒潮来临前的大约1800年前的一个叫作赛国的外交官传记。他在远行的路途中经过亚斯波拉比部落，遇到了该部落在庆祝战神雅洛维的节日庆典。寒潮前的民俗学者普遍认为：雅洛维是雅利洛形象的前身。

One of the earliest historical references to the god is in the biography of a diplomat from the Saya kingdom, about 1,800 years before the Eternal Freeze. On his expedition, he came across a tribe who happened to be celebrating the god of war, Jarroway. Experts from before the Eternal Freeze believed Jarroway to be the precursor of Jarilo.

1200年前，在北方涅咯莎地区，被称为「雅利洛」的节日往往在春末或者是夏初庆祝的。成群结队的村民在乡间行走，象征着春神又回到了这个世界，丰饶和富足再次到来。寒潮前的民俗学家也在该地区发现了用以纪念春神的宗教仪式遗迹。

Around 1,200 years ago, in the northern region of Nycatha, a festival known as "Jarilo" was celebrated in late spring or early summer. Groups of villagers would walk along the countryside, symbolizing the return of the god back into this world. His return meant fertility and vegetation. Experts from before the Eternal Freeze found traces of religious rituals in honor of this god.

神明死去被看作是某种仪式性的牺牲，也是一种灵性的象征。在其他地区的旧日神话体系中，也能找到很多类似的隐喻：诸如神明死后的躯体成为世界的基础、血液成为河流、骨骼化为山峰、头发化为森林，等等。而随着寒潮出现，神性的世界也逐渐式微。终于，直到以雅利洛血肉建造的房屋不再能支持人民的生活所需时，神话中的喜怒无常的意外便被创作了出来。

The death of a god was seen as a ritualistic sacrifice, and carries heavy symbolic meaning. Similar metaphors can be found in other mythologies: The bodies of dead gods creating the world, with blood turning into rivers, bones turning into mountains, hair turning into forests, and so on. With the emergence of the Eternal Freeze, the world of the gods gradually began to weaken. Until eventually, the house built from Jarilo's corpse could no longer support human life and collapsed, just like it did in the myth.

而神话故事的结尾，明显是受到了寒潮入侵、以及新兴宗教对原来神话故事的影响。在寒潮前的雅利洛是一个典型的「出生—死亡—重生」性质的自然神明，他的神话生命周期是和北方涅喀莎地区的作物生命周期是相同的——从播种到生长、最后到被收获（这被认为是毁坏庄稼的一种方式）。而在寒潮来临之后，原来的这种随着季节更替变化的循环被打破，取而代之的是贝洛伯格特殊的气候环境。在这个神话故事中，这种气候变化最终也被「神明之间的家长里短」包装了起来。

It is clear the myth's ending was influenced by the Eternal Freeze and the new religions. Before the Eternal Freeze, Jarilo was the typical "birth-death-rebirth" god of nature, whose mythological cycle was the same as that of crops in the northern region of Nycatha, from sowing to growing to harvesting (viewed as crop destruction). However, after the Eternal Freeze, the seasonal cycle was broken, replaced by Belobog's unique climate. In the myth, this climate change is explained by the household affairs between the gods.

另外值得一提的是：在这个故事中，雅利洛的形象完成了从浪子到忠贞不二的丈夫的转变——在故事的结尾，他向佩伦寻求赎罪的方法，最终为自己过去的任性和善变付出了沉重的代价。在这里，雅利洛最初善变的形象被认为和月相的阴晴变化有关，是一种对自然现象的投射。这种认知同样在寒潮后的时代得到了印证：在无尽的暴风雪开始之后，人们不再能够观测到月相变化，于是缺少了对这样的天文现象的认知。因此，民间更加倾向于从人情社会的道德体系中寻找故事的出口，其最后的结果就是：这样一位「出生—死亡—重生」的自然神明迎来了一个极富人情味儿的结尾——为自己的多情付出了代价。

It's worth mentioning that in the story, Jarilo goes on a journey from an unfaithful bum to a loyal husband. By the end of the story, he sought redemption from Perun, paying a heavy price for his indiscretions. The changes in Jarilo here were thought to be related to the changing lunar phases, a projection of human understanding on natural phenomena. This understanding continued to hold after the Eternal Freeze emerged and people could no longer observe the moon's phase changes. There was a lack of understanding of such astronomical phenomena, so people were more inclined to draw a moral conclusion to the story — this god's endless cycle of birth-death-rebirth was the price to pay for his love.